Directions: In questions 1-30, each sentence has an underlined word or phrase. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). You are to choose the one word or phrase that best keeps the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined word or phrase. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter you have chosen. Fill in the space so that the letter cannot be seen.

1. Library cards will expire when they are not used.
(A) cost more money
(B) cease to be effective
(C) be entitled to the holder's address
(D) be continued automatically

2. As soon as the board of elections promulgates the list of candidates, a press conference will be held.
(A) informally discovers
(B) quickly contacts
(C) officially declares
(D) critically reviews

3. Collections of gems and quartz are featured at the City Museum's annual exhibition.
(A) texts
(B) coins
(C) grants
(D) jewels

4. Because of a long drought, Midwestern farmers are doubtful about the prospect of a good yield.
(A) sympathetic
(B) intrigued
(C) dubious
(D) terrified

5. A compound fracture is more serious than a simple one because there is a greater risk of loss of blood and infection.
(A) tender
(B) sprained
(C) broken
(D) fractured

6. If a client insists upon being stubborn, lawyers have to settle claims out of court.
(A) obstinate
(B) agitated
(C) abject
(D) apprehensive

7. Psychologists encourage their patients not to get upset about trivial matters.
(A) unexpected
(B) unusual
(C) unimportant
(D) uncertain

8. The street lights in most American cities adjust automatically at dusk.
(A) in the middle of the night
(B) in the middle of the day
(C) in the evening just before dark
(D) in the morning just before light

TOEFL MODEL EXAMINATIONS • 301

9. Professor Baker is a coworker of Professor Ayun.
(A) an advocate
(B) a disciplinarian
(C) a civilian
(D) a colleague

10. It is much easier to talk about social change than it is to make it happen.
(A) acknowledge it
(B) predict it
(C) bring it about
(D) put up with it

11. The frog's tongue is fixed to the front of the mouth in order to facilitate projecting it at some distance, greatly aiding in the capture of insects.
(A) confuse
(B) pretend
(C) contort
(D) make easier

12. A shrewd purchaser buys fruits and vegetables in season.
(A) healthy
(B) disinterested
(C) careful
(D) astute

13. Madame Curie was completely engrossed in her work.
(A) disturbed
(B) absorbed
(C) fatigued
(D) successful

14. Strive for excellence.
(A) Cooperate with others
(B) Be patient
(C) Make great efforts
(D) Pay well

15. The value of an old item increases with time.
(A) a fracture
(B) a bonus
(C) an antique
(D) an original

16. Pioneer settlers had to depend on the community.
(A) vital
(B) trust
(C) must
(D) help

17. It is very discourteous to intrude during someone's conversation.
(A) find fault
(B) disagree
(C) interrupt
(D) leave quickly

18. In some states, drivers are fined $100 for reckless driving.
(A) routine
(B) careless
(C) aggressive
(D) drunken

19. In certain types of poisoning, immediately give large quantities of soapy or salty water in order to induce vomiting.
(A) control
(B) clean
(C) cause
(D) stop

20. Being irritable may be a side effect of too much medication.
(A) always
(B) growing
(C) delayed
(D) easily annoyed Already he is recognized as one of the most brilliant scientists in his field. What does he mean to get his ideas across in class?
(A) get his ideas done
(B) recall his ideas
(C) summarize his ideas
(D) make his ideas understood

21. If one aids and abets a criminal, he is also considered guilty of the crime.
(A) prejudices
(B) assists
(C) refuses to help
(D) investigates

22. Many doctors are still general practitioners, but the tendency is toward specialization in medicine.
(A) refusal
(B) prejudice
(C) trend
(D) security

23. The rock music made popular by the Beatles has been modified over the past two decades.
(A) improved
(B) changed
(C) discovered
(D) remembered

24. Even though the evidence is overwhelming, if one juror is still skeptical, the entire case could be lost.
(A) not present
(B) not surprised
(C) not convinced
(D) not worried

25. Prior to his appointment as secretary of state, Henry Kissinger was a professor of government and international affairs at Harvard.
(A) After
(B) Before
(C) During
(D) Instead of

26. Contractors hire surveyors to mark the limits of the property before they begin construction.
(A) basement
(B) expenses
(C) boundaries
(D) supplies

27. In the famous nursery rhyme about Jack and Jill, Jill tumbled down the hill after Jack.
(A) called
(B) felt
(C) fell
(D) ran

28. When Pope John Paul visited Latin America, he often beckoned for the children to come to him.
(A) denied
(B) advised
(C) signaled
(D) allowed

29. Sometimes, while living in a foreign country, one craves a special dish from home.
(A) desires
(B) eats
(C) prepares
(D) looks for

30. Lindbergh's first nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean was an act of great daring and courage.
(A) a narrative
(B) a feat
(C) an attempt
(D) a conspiracy

31. The system of Daylight Saving Time seems very silly until one understands why it is used.
(A) clever
(B) unusual
(C) foolish
(D) prudent

32. A balance of international payments refers to the net result of the business which a nation carries on with other nations in a given period.
(A) denies
(B) represents
(C) threatens
(D) endures

33. The representatives of the company seemed very insensitive concerning the conditions of the workers.
(A) liberal
(B) ignorant
(C) responsible
(D) unfeeling

34. The ultimate cause of the Civil War was the bombardment of Fort Sumter.
(A) final
(B) only
(C) true
(D) simple

35. Phosphorus is used in paints for highway signs and markers because it is bright at night.
(A) harmless
(B) dangerous
(C) luminous
(D) attractive

36. Chemicals are used to retard the growth of ornamental trees.
(A) initiate
(B) hasten
(C) benefit
(D) slow down

37. Some stretches of Florida resemble West Africa.
(A) deal with
(B) look like
(C) allow immigration from
(D) restrict trade with

38. The Supreme Court has a reputation for being fair.
(A) stubborn
(B) impatient
(C) humorous
(D) just

39. To skim a book is an important study skill.
(A) summarize
(B) paraphrase
(C) look over quickly
(D) outline

40. Einstein's theory of relativity seemed incredible at the time that he first introduced it.
(A) unbelievable
(B) brilliant
(C) complex
(D) unique

41. Congress was hesitant to repeal the Prohibition Act.
(A) willing
(B) urged
(C) reluctant
(D) supposed

42. The president is often awakened by a noisy crowd which assembles on the White House lawn to protest his policies.
(A) local
(B) clamorous
(C) gigantic
(D) pleasant

43. Some of the gangs that terrorized Chicago in the 1920s did not have the propriety to keep their activities off the streets.
(A) decency
(B) ability
(C) resources
(D) courage

44. After an unhappy love affair, Emily Dickinson lived like a person apart from society, shut away in her family home in Amherst, Massachusetts.
(A) a heroine
(B) a beggar
(C) a recluse
(D) an invalid

45. Legislators are considering whether the drug laws for possession of marijuana are too severe.
(A) vague
(B) harsh
(C) diverse
(D) covert

46. The Revolutionary forces had to muster up enough men to oppose the British army.
(A) finance
(B) disguise
(C) convince
(D) gather

47. The Boy Scouts usually sell apple cider in the fall in order to earn money for their activities.
(A) punch
(B) ale
(C) juice
(D) soda

48. Since none of the polls had predicted the winner, everyone was surprised by the results of the election.
(A) astounded
(B) delighted
(C) encouraged
(D) perturbed

49. The perpetual motion of the earth as it turns on its axis creates the change of seasons.
(A) ancient
(B) rhythmic
(C) leisurely
(D) constant

50. The first fort known as Fort McHenry was built prior to the War of 1812 to protect Baltimore harbor.
(A) masses
(B) garrisons
(C) tower
(D) museum

51. The examining committee must be in full accord for the approval of a dissertation, not just a majority.
(A) argument
(B) agreement
(C) discussion
(D) consideration

52. Americans have been criticized for placing too much emphasis on being on time.
(A) importance
(B) activity
(C) bother
(D) assistance

53. Architects must consider whether their designs are likely to be vulnerable to damage in order to be safe.
(A) vulnerable
(B) drenched
(C) secure
(D) exposed

54. A good auditorium will assure that the sound is audible throughout the room.
(A) practiced
(B) actual
(C) able to be heard
(D) contained

55. Arson is suspected in a fire that razed the Grand Hotel.
(A) threatened
(B) destroyed
(C) included
(D) spared

56. In the play The Devil and Daniel Webster, the traits attributed to Webster may be more fiction than history.
(A) replica
(B) advice
(C) characteristics
(D) possessions

57. It was necessary to divide the movie Roots into five parts in order to show it on television.
(A) adapt
(B) abbreviate
(C) segment
(D) transcribe

58. In his biography, Thomas Hardy is described as a very industrious writer.
(A) sensible
(B) pessimistic
(C) diligent
(D) successful

59. Variations in the color of sea water from blue to green seem to be caused by high or low concentrations of salt.
(A) Changes
(B) Descriptions
(C) Measures
(D) Amounts

60. What may be considered courteous in one culture may be interpreted as arrogant in another.
(A) clumsy
(B) steady
(C) polite
(D) funny

61. A shrewd politician will take advantage of every speaking engagement to campaign for the next election.
(A) rash
(B) intelligent
(C) crude
(D) altered

62. In order to be issued a passport, one must either present legal documents or call a witness to give evidence concerning one’s identity.
(A) testify
(B) investigate
(C) falsify
(D) evaluate

63. Home buyers are proceeding cautiously because of the high interest rates.
(A) hastily
(B) occasionally
(C) frequently
(D) carefully

64. Due to the efforts of conservationists and environmentalists, few people are unaware of the problems of endangered species.
(A) obstinate about
(B) ignorant of
(C) indifferent to
(D) adjacent to

65. Shelley’s famous poem “To a Skylark” praises the bird for its carefree spirit.
(A) keen
(B) harsh
(C) blithe
(D) amorphous

66. The development of anesthetics has allowed doctors to operate without the pain once associated with surgery.
(A) fever
(B) protest
(C) rage
(D) anguish

67. Some snowstorms cause power failures in the Northeast every winter.
(A) Tornadoes
(B) Hurricanes
(C) Blizzards
(D) Earthquakes

68. The law officers in many early Western settlements had to maintain order by means of their guns.
(A) priests
(B) marshals
(C) physicians
(D) merchants

69. By law, when one makes a large purchase, he must have an adequate opportunity to change his mind.
(A) an angelic
(B) a belated
(C) a sufficient
(D) a gracious

70. A cut in the budget put 10 percent of the state employees' jobs in jeopardy.
(A) range
(B) review
(C) perspective
(D) danger

71. When baseball players became impatient with their contracts, they went on strike, causing most of the 1981 season to be lost.
(A) alarmed
(B) enthusiastic
(C) exasperated
(D) organized

72. In the past, energy sources were thought to be boundless.
(A) without limits
(B) inexpensive
(C) natural
(D) solar

73. It will be necessary for the doctor to widen the pupils of your eyes with some drops in order to examine them.
(A) massage
(B) treat
(C) dilate
(D) soothe

74. Several theories of evolution had historically preceded that of Charles Darwin, although he expounded upon the stages of development.
(A) found fault with
(B) explained in detail
(C) outlined briefly
(D) offered in published form

75. Cruel treatment of inmates instigated a riot in one of the Indiana prisons.
(A) Tolerant
(B) Reliable
(C) Brutal
(D) Dubious

76. A laser beam is used to penetrate even the hardest substances.
(A) light up
(B) repair
(C) identify
(D) pass through

77. Ralph Nader always speaks out about everything.
(A) declares his opinion
(B) agrees
(C) quarrels
(D) has an interest

78. If the teams were not so evenly matched, it would be easier to foretell the outcome of the Superbowl.
(A) argue
(B) predict
(C) discuss
(D) influence

79. Keep two pencils handy while taking the examination.
(A) extra
(B) secret
(C) near
(D) sharp

80. Haphazard guessing will probably not raise a test score as significantly as choosing one letter (e.g., "C") for the entire examination.
(A) Cryptic
(B) Disorganized
(C) Subsequent
(D) Economical

81. The thief was apprehended, but his accomplice had disappeared.
(A) people who saw him
(B) partner in crime
(C) stolen goods
(D) weapon

82. Electrical energy may be divided into two components specified as positive and negative.
(A) confused
(B) designated
(C) accumulated
(D) separated

83. Merchants should be sure that their insurance will replace all of their merchandise.
(A) Proprietors
(B) Trustees
(C) Consumers
(D) Renters

84. The Mona Lisa is the portrait of a woman with a very enticing smile.
(A) oblivious
(B) luminous
(C) alluring
(D) elusive

85. When one is unfamiliar with the customs, it is easy to make a blunder.
(A) a commitment
(B) a mistake
(C) an enemy
(D) an injury

86. A spacious apartment in New York City is very difficult to find.
(A) good
(B) large
(C) empty
(D) clean

87. Astronomy provides the knowledge necessary for correct timekeeping, navigation, surveying, and mapmaking.
(A) meticulous
(B) unusual
(C) accurate
(D) ancient

88. In several states, the people may recommend a law to the legislature by signing a petition.
(A) compromise
(B) maneuver
(C) request
(D) document

89. In a search to further his knowledge of the unknown, man has explored the earth, the sea, and now, outer space.
(A) quiet
(B) cosmic
(C) fantasy
(D) documentary

90. The greatest number of tornadoes are more prevalent in the middle states, the area from Minnesota to Texas called Tornado Alley.
(A) severe
(B) widespread
(C) short-lived
(D) feared

91. One must reside in the United States five years in order to apply for citizenship.
(A) reside in
(B) accommodate to
(C) invade
(D) work in

92. The confident candidate asserted that he would win the election.
(A) eager
(B) confident
(C) hopeful
(D) resigned

93. Even though the critics are not enthusiastic, some of the plays on Broadway are very funny.
(A) Anonymous
(B) anomalous
(C) illustrious
(D) hilarious

94. Ethnocentrism prevents us from putting up with all of the customs we encounter in another culture.
(A) experiencing
(B) compromising on
(C) adopting
(D) tolerating

95. For your own safety and the safety of others, always heed traffic signals.
(A) overlook
(B) obey
(C) repair
(D) study

96. Neon is an element which does not combine readily with any other element; because of this property, it is called an inactive element.
(A) inert
(B) adjacent
(C) explicitly
(D) easily

97. Attending a church, temple, or mosque is one way to make agreeable friends.
(A) enduring
(B) congenial
(C) entering
(D) numerous

98. Because the American railroad system is so old, the trains always start suddenly.
(A) with ease
(B) with a jerk
(C) with a thump
(D) with effort

99. In order to enjoy fine wine, one should drink it slowly, a little at a time.
(A) stir it
(B) spill it
(C) sip it
(D) sniff it

100. Unless the agreement contains a provision for a United Nations peacekeeping force to patrol the borders, the General Assembly is not likely to ratify it.
(A) proposal
(B) document
(C) clause
(D) release

101. When Joan of Arc described her vision, her voice did not hesitate.
(A) amplify
(B) falter
(C) disobey
(D) mumble

102. The cost of living in the United States has risen at a rate of 6 percent per year during the last ten-year period.
(A) tenth
(B) century
(C) decade
(D) quarter

103. Primary education in the U.S. is compulsory.
(A) free of charge
(B) required
(C) excellent
(D) easy

104. During the Great Depression, there were many wanderers who traveled on the railroad and camped along the tracks.
(A) vagabonds
(B) tyros
(C) zealots
(D) veterans

105. The Civil War in 1863 cut the United States into two nations – a southern Confederacy and a northern Union.
(A) severed
(B) acknowledged
(C) integrated
(D) alienated

106. The National Institute of Mental Health is conducting far-reaching research to determine the psychological effects of using drugs.
(A) extensive
(B) prevalent
(C) refined
(D) tentative

107. In American football, the coach may shout to the captain to call time out.
(A) yelp
(B) growl
(C) bellow
(D) flounder

108. A monument was erected in memory of those who died in the disaster at Johnstown, Pennsylvania.
(A) prison
(B) skirmish
(C) cataclysm
(D) frontier

109. Martin Luther King detested injustice.
(A) recognized
(B) confronted
(C) suffered
(D) abhorred

110.

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